The Ten Commandments. Exo 20:1-17
INTRODUCTION TO THE OLD TESTAMENT
The Nation Israel Delivered and Organized
III. ISRAEL AT SINAI, Exodus 19:1-40:38
1. The Covenant Proposed and the People Prepared, Exodus 19:1-25
41. What are the two-fold duties enjoined in the “Ten Words”?
THE TEN COMMANDMENTS
Then God spoke all these words:
“I am the LORD your God, who has brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery.
“You shall have no other gods before Me.
“You shall not make for yourself any idol, or any likeness (form, manifestation) of what is in heaven above or on the earth beneath or in the water under the earth [as an object to worship].
You shall not worship them nor serve them; for I, the LORD your God, am a jealous (impassioned) God [demanding what is rightfully and uniquely mine], visiting (avenging) the iniquity (sin, guilt) of the fathers on the children [that is, calling the children to account for the sins of their fathers], to the third and fourth generations of those who hate Me, [Isa_42:8; Isa_48:11]
but showing graciousness and steadfast lovingkindness to thousands [of generations] of those who love Me and keep My commandments.
“You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain [that is, irreverently, in false affirmations or in ways that impugn the character of God]; for the LORD will not hold guiltless nor leave unpunished the one who takes His name in vain [disregarding its reverence and its power].
“Remember the Sabbath (seventh) day to keep it holy (set apart, dedicated to God).
Six days you shall labor and do all your work,
but the seventh day is a Sabbath [a day of rest dedicated] to the LORD your God; on that day you shall not do any work, you or your son, or your daughter, or your male servant, or your female servant, or your livestock or the temporary resident (foreigner) who stays within your [city] gates.
For in six days the LORD made the heavens and the earth, the sea and everything that is in them, and He rested (ceased) on the seventh day. That is why the LORD blessed the Sabbath day and made it holy [that is, set it apart for His purposes].
“Honor (respect, obey, care for) your father and your mother, so that your days may be prolonged in the land the LORD your God gives you.
“You shall not commit murder (unjustified, deliberate homicide). [Gen_9:6; Exo_21:12, Exo_21:14, Exo_21:18]
“You shall not commit adultery. [Pro_6:25-26; Mat_5:27-28; Rom_1:24; Eph_5:3]
“You shall not steal [secretly, openly, fraudulently, or through carelessness]. [Pro_11:1; Pro_16:8; Pro_21:6; Pro_22:16; Jer_17:11; Mal_3:8]
“You shall not testify falsely [that is, lie, withhold, or manipulate the truth] against your neighbor (any person). [Exo_23:1; Pro_19:9; Pro_24:28]
“You shall not covet [that is, selfishly desire and attempt to acquire] your neighbor’s house; you shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, or his male servant, or his female servant, or his ox, or his donkey, or anything that belongs to your neighbor.” [Luk_12:15; Col_3:5]
Comments by
F.B.Meyer
On
Exodus 20:1-17
THE “TEN WORDS” SPOKEN AT SINAI
The Law was given by the disposition of angels, through the medium of Moses. See Joh_1:17; Act_7:53. It tells us, not what God is, for that is only shown in Jesus Christ, but what man should be. It combines in a concise form that moral code which is part of the nature of things, and is written on man’s conscience. See Rom_2:5. Even the Fourth Commandment is deeply graven on our physical nature. These laws are mostly negative, but their positive side is stated in Mat_5:1-48. For practical purposes this divine code consists of two divisions or tables; the first, of our duties toward God; the second, of those to man; but these are summed up in the one great law of love. See Mar_12:29-31; Rom_13:8-10 and Gal_5:14. Our Lord Jesus stands surety for us at the bar of Sinai. By His righteousness imputed and imparted, by His obedience and death, by the gracious indwelling of His Spirit, He comes “not to destroy, but to fulfill.” See Mat_5:17; Rom_8:4.
JOURNEY FROM EGYPT TO SINAI (15:22–18:27)
THE GIVING OF THE LAW (Chaps. 19–24)
B. The Ten Commandments (Chap. 20)
I.
20:1-3 Have no other gods.
II.
20:4-6 Use no carved image and or Pictures
III.
20:7 Taking God’s name . . . in vain is forbidden.
IV.
20:8-11 Remember the 7th day, Sabbath day.(Saturday)
V.
20:12 Honor father and mother.
VI.
20:13 You shall not murder.
VII.
20:14 You shall not commit adultery.
VIII.
20:15 You shall not steal.
IX.
20:16 You shall not bear false witness.
X.
20:17 You shall not covet.
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