Israel Led Out Of Egypt. Now the Israelites journeyed from Rameses to Succoth, about six hundred thousand men on foot, besides [the women and] the children. Exo 12:37
INTRODUCTION TO THE OLD TESTAMENT
The Nation Israel Delivered and Organized
II. FROM EGYPT TO SINAI, Exodus 12:37-18:27
1. The Departure, Exodus 12:37-42
26. How long had Israel dwelled in Egypt?
THE EXODUS
Now the Israelites journeyed from Rameses to Succoth, about six hundred thousand men on foot, besides [the women and] the children.
A mixed multitude [of non-Israelites from foreign nations] also went with them, along with both flocks and herds, a very large number of livestock. [Num_11:4; Deu_29:11]
And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought from Egypt; it was not leavened, since they were driven [quickly] from Egypt and could not delay, nor had they prepared any food for themselves.
Now the period of time the children of Israel lived in Egypt was four hundred and thirty years. [Gen_15:13-14]
At the end of the four hundred and thirty years, to that very day, all the hosts of the LORD [gathered into tribal armies] left the land of Egypt.
It is a night of watching to be observed for the LORD for having brought them out of the land of Egypt; this [same] night is for the LORD, to be observed and celebrated by all the Israelites throughout their generations.
Institution of the Passover
The LORD said to Moses and Aaron, “This is the ordinance of the Passover: no foreigner is to eat it;
but every man’s slave who is bought with money, after you have circumcised him, then he may eat it.
No stranger (temporary resident, foreigner) or hired servant shall eat it.
It is to be eaten inside one house; you shall not take any of the meat outside the house, nor shall you break any of its bones. [Joh_19:33, Joh_19:36]
The entire congregation of Israel shall keep and celebrate it.
If a stranger living temporarily among you wishes to celebrate the Passover to the LORD, all his males must be circumcised, and then he may participate and celebrate it like one that is born in the land. But no uncircumcised person may eat it.
The same law shall apply to the native-born and to the stranger who lives temporarily among you.”
Then all the Israelites did so; they did just as the LORD had commanded Moses and Aaron.
And on that very same day the LORD brought the Israelites out of the land of Egypt by their hosts (tribal armies).
Comments by
F.B.Meyer
On
Exodus 12:37-51
ISRAEL LED OUT OF EGYPT
The 600,000 were males above 20 years of age, Num_1:3-43. This would make the entire body not less than 2,000,000 of people of all ages. Succoth was the first rallying point on which the various bands converged. It stood in open country, over which their flocks and herds spread themselves. It was, indeed, a night to be observed, when the Exodus took place, because, as Bunsen says, it was the beginning of history; and we may almost say further that it was the hour when Israel was born as a nation. God called His son out of Egypt. At that moment also the period of which Abraham had been apprised ran out. See Gen_15:13; Gal_3:17; and Exo_12:40 here.
Notice the stress laid on circumcision, which was the type of putting away the sins of the flesh. See Col_2:11. We must be separated from sin, before we can claim our portion in the Paschal Lamb, or join the Exodus.
Comments by
WILLIAM MACDONALD
Believers Bible Commentary
On
Exodus 12:37-51
VII. THE EXODUS FROM EGYPT (12:31–15:21)
A. Flight toward the Sea (12:31–13:22)
12:31-37 Verse 31 does not necessarily mean that Moses met Pharaoh face-to-face (see Exo_10:29). What a servant says or does is often ascribed to his master. Moses had predicted that Pharaoh’s servants would beg the Israelites to go (Exo_11:8).
The Israelites journeyed . . . to Succoth, a district in Egypt, not to be confused with the town of that name in Palestine (Gen_33:17). The Egyptians were only too glad to give their wealth to the Israelites and be rid of them. For the Hebrews, it was only just recompense for all the labor they had given to Pharaoh. It provided them with equipment for the journey and materials for the service of God. About six hundred thousand men left Egypt, in addition to women and children. The exact number of men was 603,550 (Exo_38:26). The total number of Israelites was about two million.
12:38, 39 There is considerable dispute concerning the date of the Exodus. A commonly accepted conservative date is c. 1440 B.C. Other scholars place it at 1290 B.C. or even later (see Introduction). A mixed multitude (that is, including foreigners) tagged along with the Israelites when they left Egypt. They are referred to as “rabble” in Num_11:4 (NASB), where they are seen complaining against the Lord despite His goodness to them.
12:40-42 Concerning the chronology in verse 40, see the commentary on Gen_15:13-14. The four hundred and thirty years mentioned here cover the total time that the Israelites spent in Egypt. It is an exact figure, to the very . . . day. The important thing to see is that the Lord did not forget the promise He had made centuries earlier. In bringing His people out, He fulfilled His Word. God is not slack concerning the promise of our redemption either (2Pe_3:9). In a coming day, Moses’ “antitype,” the Lord Jesus, will lead His people out of this world to the eternal Promised Land.
12:43-51 The ordinance of the permanent Passover specified that only circumcised men were allowed to participate, whether aliens, neighbors, or servants. No foreigner shall eat it . . . a sojourner and a hired servant shall not eat it.
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