The scapegoat. Then Aaron shall lay both of his hands on the head of the live goat, and confess over it all the wickedness of the sons of Israel and all their transgressions in regard to all their sins; and he shall lay them on the head of the goat [the scapegoat, the sin-bearer], and send it away into the wilderness by the hand of a man who is prepared [for the task]. The goat shall carry on itself all their (the Israelites) wickedness, carrying them to a solitary (infertile) land; and he shall release the goat in the wilderness. Lev.16:21-22
INTRODUCTION TO THE OLD TESTAMENT
OUT LINE OF THE BOOK LEVITICUS
A Manual of Worship at the Tabernacle
III. LAWS REGARDING CEREMONIAL PURITY, Leviticus 11-16
5. The Great Annual Atonement for Sin, Lev_16:1-34
21. How was atonement made once each year for the sins of the whole nation?
THE DAY OF ATONEMENT
“Then he shall kill the goat of the sin offering that is for [the sins of] the people and bring its blood within the veil [into the Most Holy Place] and do with its blood as he did with the blood of the bull, and sprinkle it on the mercy seat and in front of the mercy seat. [Heb_2:17]
So he shall make atonement for the Holy Place (Holy of Holies) because of the uncleanness and transgressions of the Israelites, for all their sins. He shall also do this for the Tent of Meeting which is among them in the midst of their uncleanness (impurities). [Heb_9:22-24]
There shall be no person in the Tent of Meeting when the high priest goes in to make atonement in the Holy Place [within the veil] until he comes out, so that he may make atonement for himself (his own sins) and for his household and for all the congregation of Israel.
Then he shall go out to the altar [of burnt offering in the court] which is before the LORD and make atonement for it, and shall take some of the blood of the bull and of the goat and put it on the horns of the altar on all sides.
With his finger he shall sprinkle some of the blood on the altar of burnt offering seven times and cleanse it and consecrate it from the uncleanness of the Israelites.
“When he has finished atoning for the Holy Place and the Tent of Meeting and the altar, he shall present the live goat.
Then Aaron shall lay both of his hands on the head of the live goat, and confess over it all the wickedness of the sons of Israel and all their transgressions in regard to all their sins; and he shall lay them on the head of the goat [the scapegoat, the sin-bearer], and send it away into the wilderness by the hand of a man who is prepared [for the task].
The goat shall carry on itself all their (the Israelites) wickedness, carrying them to a solitary (infertile) land; and he shall release the goat in the wilderness. [Psa_103:12; Isa_53:11-12; Joh_1:29]
“Then Aaron shall come into the Tent of Meeting and take off the linen garments which he put on when he went into the Holy Place (Holy of Holies), and shall leave them there.
He shall bathe his body with water in a holy place and put on his clothes, and come out and offer his burnt offering and that of the people, and make atonement for himself and for the people.
And he shall offer up in smoke the fat of the sin offering on the altar.
The man who released the goat as the [sin-bearing] scapegoat shall wash his clothes and bathe his body in water, and afterward he may come into the camp.
The bull for the sin offering and the goat for the sin offering, whose blood was brought in to make atonement in the Holy Place (Holy of Holies), shall be taken outside the camp; their skins, their meat, and their waste shall be burned in the fire. [Heb_13:11-13]
Then he who burns them shall wash his clothes and bathe his body with water, and afterward he may come into the camp.
“This shall be a permanent statute for you: in the seventh month (nearly October) on the tenth day of the month you shall humble yourselves [by fasting] and not do any work, whether the native-born or the stranger who lives temporarily among you;
for it is on this day that atonement shall be made for you, to cleanse you; you will be clean from all your sins before the LORD. [Heb_10:1-2; 1Jn_1:7, 1Jn_1:9]
It is a Sabbath of solemn rest for you, and you shall humble yourselves; it is a permanent statute.
So the priest who is anointed and ordained to serve and minister as priest in his father’s place shall make atonement: he shall wear the holy linen garments,
and make atonement for the Holy Sanctuary, and he shall make atonement for the Tent of Meeting, and for the altar [of burnt offering in the court]. He shall also make atonement for the priests and for all the people of the assembly.
This shall be a permanent statute for you, so that atonement may be made for the children of Israel for all their sins once a year.” So he did just as the LORD had commanded Moses.
Comments by
F.B.Meyer
On
Leviticus 16:15-34
THE SCAPEGOAT
The loneliness of the high priest, Lev_16:17; the sprinkling of blood within the veil upon the mercy seat, Lev_16:16; the fragrant incense, emblematic of a well-pleasing offering, Lev_16:13; the confession of sin and its bearing-away into a solitary land, Lev_16:22; the linen garments of simplicity and humility, Lev_16:23; the destruction of the carcasses of the beasts “without the camp,” Lev_16:27; the ultimate coming forth of the high priest to bless the people, bringing them the assurance of a finished and accepted work, Lev_16:24, compare Heb_9:28 all these points are carefully elaborated in the Epistle to the Hebrews.
The fate of the scapegoat was very moving! Laden with the sins of the people, it is led forth through the crowd of penitents, innocent yet execrated, dumb yet eloquent of the doom of the sin bearer, escaping death by the knife, to be forsaken even unto death! So Jesus died, with the cry of “Forsaken” on His lips.
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