The Decalogue repeated. ‘You shall have no other gods before Me. ‘You shall not make for yourself an idol [as an object to worship], or any likeness (form, manifestation) of what is in heaven above or on the earth beneath or in the water under the earth……Deu 5:1-21
INTRODUCTION TO THE OLD TESTAMENT
The Law Repeated for the New Generation
II. MOSES’ SECOND DISCOURSE, Deuteronomy 5-28
1. Repetition of the Decalogue and Exhortation to Cleave unto God, Deuteronomy 5-11
9. Why was it necessary to repeat the Decalogue?
INTRODUCTION
This is again the Greek name for this book, and signifies the “second giving of the Law.” It contains the records of public addresses to Israel, delivered in the eleventh month of the fortieth year of their wanderings through the Wilderness. As Moses uttered them on the eve of his own speedy removal, he was able to speak with unusual emphasis and urgency. The allusions to the natural features amidst which these addresses were given are consistent with the place and speaker. It has been shown also by competent scholarship that Deuteronomy has all the peculiarities of Moses’ style; and any differences of hortatory entreaty and appeal may be accounted for by the mellowing effect of age.
The special references to this book in the New Testament are very significant. Our Lord quoted from it thrice in His Temptation, Mat_4:4; Mat_4:7; Mat_4:10. See also Rom_10:19; Act_3:22; Act_7:37. There are touches by a later writer, and an appendix, Deu_34:1-12; but the origin of the treatise as a whole must be ascribed to the great Lawgiver.
The Ten Commandments
Then Moses summoned all Israel and said to them: “Hear, O Israel, the statutes and judgments (legal decisions) which I am speaking today in your hearing, so that you may learn them and observe them carefully.
The LORD our God made a covenant with us at Horeb.
The LORD did not make this covenant with our fathers, but with us, all of us who are alive here today.
The LORD spoke with you face to face at the mountain from the midst of the fire.
I was standing between the LORD and you at that time, to declare to you the word of the LORD; for you were afraid because of the fire and did not go up the mountain. He said,
‘I am the LORD your God who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery.
‘You shall have no other gods before Me.
‘You shall not make for yourself an idol [as an object to worship], or any likeness (form, manifestation) of what is in heaven above or on the earth beneath or in the water under the earth.
You shall not worship them or serve them; for I, the LORD your God, am a jealous (impassioned) God [demanding what is rightfully and uniquely mine], visiting (avenging) the iniquity (sin, guilt) of the fathers on the children [that is, calling the children to account for the sins of their fathers], to the third and the fourth generations of those who hate Me, [Isa_42:8; Isa_48:11]
but showing graciousness and lovingkindness to thousands [of generations] of those who love Me and keep My commandments.
‘You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain [that is, irreverently, in false affirmations or in ways that impugn the character of God]; for the LORD will not hold guiltless nor leave unpunished the one who takes His name in vain [disregarding its reverence and its power].
‘Observe the Sabbath day to keep it holy (set apart, dedicated to God), as the LORD your God commanded you.
Six days you shall labor and do all your work,
but the seventh day is a Sabbath [a day of rest dedicated] to the LORD your God; on that day you shall not do any work, you or your son or your daughter or your male servant or your female servant or your ox or your donkey or any of your livestock or the stranger who stays inside your [city] gates, so that your male servant and your female servant may rest as well as you.
You shall remember [with thoughtful concern] that you were a slave in the land of Egypt, and that the LORD your God brought you out of there with a mighty hand and by an outstretched arm; therefore the LORD your God has commanded you to observe the Sabbath day.
‘Honor (respect, obey, care for) your father and your mother, as the LORD your God has commanded you, so that your days [on the earth] may be prolonged and so that it may go well with you in the land which the LORD your God gives you.
‘You shall not murder.
‘You shall not commit adultery. [Pro_6:25-26; Mat_5:27-28; Rom_1:24; Eph_5:3]
‘You shall not steal. [Pro_11:1; Pro_16:8; Pro_21:6; Pro_22:16; Jer_17:11; Mal_3:8]
‘You shall not give false testimony [that is, lie, withhold, or manipulate the truth] against your neighbor (any person). [Exo_23:1; Pro_19:9; Pro_24:28]
‘You shall not covet [that is, desire and seek to acquire] your neighbor’s wife, nor desire your neighbor’s house, his field, his male servant or his female servant, his ox or his donkey or anything that belongs to your neighbor.’ [Luk_12:15; Col_3:5]
Comments by
F.B.Meyer
On
THE DECALOGUE REPEATED
The Law of God is for “all Israel.” None are exempt. “Not with our fathers” means not with them only; Moses also uses the expression because many of the references of the Decalogue were to the settled life of Canaan. “Face to face,” not in dark visions, but clearly and lucidly, Job_4:12-13. Our “face-to-face” vision is yet to come, 1Co_13:12; Rev_22:4. Notice in Deu_5:5 the ideal mediator, Gal_3:19; 1Ti_2:5.
Every soul has two givings of the Law. First, we stand under Sinai to be judged, condemned, and shut up to Christ as our only hope; then we come to it a second time, asking that the Holy Spirit should write it in our hearts, and make us to walk in obedience to its precepts, Gal_3:23; Rom_8:4.
Adolphe Monod, on his death-bed, said: “Sin has two divisions; the evil that we have done and the good that we have left undone. As to the first, there is not a single command that I have not transgressed in letter or spirit; as to the second, it weighs on me even more than the first.”
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